• Inhibitors against the proteasome a component of the ubiquit

  2022-03-04

  

  Inhibitors against the proteasome, a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that degrades cellular proteins, provide a new strategy for targeting the 26S proteasome [25]. Proteasome inhibitors can exhibit potent anti-cancer effects against different tumor ras pathway and were shown to induce

• Activation of FXR or TGR

  2022-03-04

  

  Activation of FXR or TGR5 inhibits inflammatory response via repressing NF-κB activity [1]. FXR is not expressed or expressed at a very low level in macrophages [45] (data not shown), but highly expressed in hepatocytes. In contrast, TGR5 is expressed in macrophages but not in hepatocytes. Our data

• br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br Introduction Odorant receptors ORs are

  2022-03-04

  

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Odorant receptors (ORs) are the largest subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are mainly expressed by olfactory sensory neurons in the nose for the detection of various odorants [1]. However, more recent reports suggest that ORs are also expressed an

• br G protein coupled receptor GPR also known as a

  2022-03-04

  

  G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as a free fatty Liproxstatin-1 receptor, is dominantly expressed in pancreatic β cells and intestine K, L cells., . Besides, GPR40 is also reported to be expressed in brain, but its function is still unknown. It is well documented that GPR40 agoni

• To date the underlying mechanism of

  2022-03-04

  

  To date, the underlying mechanism of ropivacaine in inducing neurotoxicity remains unclear. Cell death was intimately involved in local-anesthetic neurotoxicity [6,18]. Two classic signaling pathways triggered cell death: the extrinsic pathway and the intrinsic pathway [12]. Our study demonstrated t

• AS 2034178 br Significance Cellular heterogeneity for pheno

  2022-03-03

  

  Significance Cellular heterogeneity for phenotypic features is a key mechanism underlying disease progression and therapeutic resistance, yet its regulation is poorly understood at the molecular level. Our findings demonstrate that endocrine resistance is associated with higher transcriptomic het

• br Multiple sclerosis MS is an immune mediated disease of

  2022-03-03

  

  Multiple sclerosis MS is an immune-mediated disease of the human CNS with a pathological signature featuring immunocyte infiltration, altered cytokine production, oligodendroglial degeneration, astrogliosis, microglial activation, multifocal demyelination and axonal degeneration (Schipper, 2004b)

• Hh signaling pathway plays an essential

  2022-03-03

  

  Hh signaling pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of invertebrate and vertebrate tissue development and metabolic homeostasis. Components of Hh signaling pathway have been identified in succession, including Hh ligands, membrane protein receptors, cytoplasmic components and transcriptio

• br Direct effect of HDACs on contractile function by

  2022-03-03

  

  Direct effect of HDACs on contractile function by deacetylating cytoskeletal and contractile proteins Role of HDACs in electropathology by transcriptional reprogramming Next to deacetylation of α-tubulin by HDAC6 in experimental and human AF, there is also evidence for transcriptional reprogra

• br Financial support This study

  2022-03-03

  

  Financial support This study was supported by Grant PH-102-PP-11, PH-103-PP-11 from the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan. Conflict of interest Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details. Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction

• br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki

  2022-03-03

  

  Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Makoto Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Johmura, Yuki Okada, Yoshinori Makino, Takashi Sutani, and Katsuhiko Shirahige for kindly providing materials and technical information, Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono for technical advice, and all members

• br Conclusion In conclusion we showed that

  2022-03-03

  

  Conclusion In conclusion, we showed that apoptosis is involved in etoposide-induced pancreatic β-cell cytotoxicity. More importantly, as shown in Fig. 6, the results of this study demonstrated that etoposide induces pancreatic β-cell death via the JNK/ERK activation-mediated GSK-3 downstream-tri

• Throughout our studies we used CBD under the assumption

  2022-03-03

  

  Throughout our studies we used CBD under the assumption that it binds to the GPR55 receptor and has antagonist properties at the GPR55 receptor, as previously suggested (Whyte et al., 2009). To clarify whether the GPR55 receptor is involved in the O-1602-mediated effects on GI motility, we performed

• To apply the recently developed GPR ligands to CNS disorders

  2022-03-03

  

  To apply the recently developed GPR35 ligands to CNS disorders, it is necessary to understand whether GPR35 is expressed by any identified cell types in the clodronate mg and whether activation or blockade of this receptor has any consequence on the activity of the neuronal circuitry. To this end,

• br Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases

  2022-03-03

  

  Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2012; Beaugerie et al., 2006) are typically characterized by chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammation of the intestine. Although the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unknow

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