• br Results br Discussion GPCRs

  2020-12-16

  

  Results Discussion GPCRs recognize a broad range of molecules with a vast chemical X-NeuNAc through different mechanisms. Our understanding of the recognition of lipid mediators by GPCRs primarily comes from the structural studies of receptors for lysophospholipids and endocannabinoids includi

• CRF and urocortin I are not only readily found

  2020-12-16

  

  CRF and urocortin I are not only readily found throughout the spinal cord (Korosi et al., 2007), CRF analogs are clearly able to alter nociceptive signals (Imbe et al., 2010; Lariviere and Melzack, 2000). However, it was unclear whether they are released endogenously and involved in the spinal modul

• The serotonin transporter gene encodes an integral membrane

  2020-12-15

  

  The serotonin transporter gene () encodes an integral membrane protein that transports serotonin from the synaptic spaces into the presynaptic neurons. The encoded protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent way. This protein is a target of psychomotor stimulants

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported in part

  2020-12-15

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26292031. Introduction The Cys-loop receptors constitute an important superfamily of ligand-gated ion imidazoline receptors (LGICs) and mediate synaptic transmission in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous syst

• Analysis of DNA fragmentation We

  2020-12-15

  

  Analysis of DNA fragmentation. We followed a modified Hirt extraction procedure for analysis of DNA fragmentation. Cells were suspended in TNE buffer (1M NaCl, 20mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 2mM EDTA, and 0.6% SDS) at a density of 106 cells/ml and incubated overnight on ice. The next day, cellular debris wa

• The nucleus accumbens is a

  2020-12-15

  

  The nucleus accumbens is a critical locus for ER/mGluR signaling in the context of addiction ER/mGluR signaling is regulated by caveolin proteins and palmitoylation Because of the vast implications of ER/mGluR association, it is important to understand what regulates their interaction. Such regu

• br Results br Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major

  2020-12-15

  

  Results Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major challenge to the clinical success of cancer therapies. Incomplete inhibition of oncogenic signaling allows survival of “drug-tolerant” tumor cells, which persist in that state for variable periods before acquiring additional genetic mutati

• Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one th

  2020-12-15

  

  Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and is refractory to currently available analgesic drugs (Abbott et al., 2011). This painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG; a reactive glucose metabolite) an

• br O GlcNAcase Human OGA

  2020-12-15

  

  O-GlcNAcase Human OGA is a multidomain protein with an N-terminal domain similar to glycoside hydrolase family 84 (GH84) enzymes, a stalk domain, a C-terminal pseudo histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain, and several low-complexity regions (Figure 1f) [43]. A splice variant that lacks the HAT do

• Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which

  2020-12-15

  

  Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a

• br A major physiological action

  2020-12-15

  

  A major physiological action of ET-1 is to function as one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors of human blood vessels. As such, ET-1 plays a major role in regulating vascular function in all organ systems, including the kidney (Fig. 1). As in other vessels, ET-1 is thought to be released from en

• Although the reasons why viral RNA does not bind

  2020-12-15

  

  Although the reasons why viral RNA does not bind to and activate PKR in WNV-infected cells are not known, some of the known characteristics of flavivirus infections provide possible clues. The viral AGK7 protein forms dimers that associate with ER membranes and viral RNA (Lindenbach et al., 2007) a

• The histologic finding that EBV infected B cells in infectio

  2020-12-15

  

  The histologic finding that EBV-infected Dehydroandrographolide australia in infectious mononucleosis tend to avoid the GCs and instead accumulate under the epithelium of certain mucosal tissues34, 129 could be explained by the above-mentioned expression patterns of chemokine receptors on EBV-infec

• Against this backdrop we set out

  2020-12-15

  

  Against this backdrop, we set out to identify synthetic and endogenous ligands that bind directly to and regulate the activity of Nurr1. Owing to the pivotal role Nurr1 plays in producing and processing dopamine, and the need for neurons to tightly regulate dopamine levels, we postulated that the re

• Lately using receptor TM peptides BiFC

  2020-12-15

  

  Lately, using receptor TM peptides, BiFC and PLA experiments, we have also obtained experimental evidence for the tetrameric structure of A1R–D1R, which explains the canonical interaction on Gi and Gs, respectively (Fig. 2). We have demonstrated for the first time the presence of this heterotetramer

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