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br Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Science and Technology
2020-12-16

Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Science and Technology Development Fund – Egypt for the Research Support Technology Development Grant (RSTDG) no. 12626. Our deep thanks and gratitude is also extended to National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA for performing the anticancer eval
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Instead of receptor interaction or GT
2020-12-16

Instead of receptor interaction or GT activity, we focused on the CPD and autoprocessing. The CPDs from the 2 toxins are highly homologous: each cysteine protease targets an intramolecular substrate and mediates InsP6-induced autoprocessing to release the GTD into host cytosol.40, 41 However, TcdB i
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The role of ARA cyp metabolites in the
2020-12-16

The role of ARA-cyp450 metabolites in the liver is still unclear [44]. However, ARA-cyp450 genes metabolize other fatty acids such lauric and palmitic CCK-8 [45]. It was found that decreased cyp4a expression caused fatty livers through reduction of fatty acid metabolism [46]. In this study, we found
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hexokinase regulation Introduction Quassinoids are natural p
2020-12-16

Introduction Quassinoids are natural products formed through the oxidative degradation of triterpene derivatives with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, and antiplasmodial effects (Chakraborty and Pal, 2013; Houël et al., 2013). They are characteristic ingredients of the family Simar
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Six substrate recognition sites SRS
2020-12-16

Six substrate recognition sites (SRS1-SRS6) have been identified at positions 102-123, 204-209, 238-244, 301-319, 374-382 and 483-492 (Table 2, underlined residues) based on Gotoh's proposal [30]. CYP3A163 displays the similar characteristic long sequences between helices F and G presenting two addi
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br Results br Discussion GPCRs
2020-12-16

Results Discussion GPCRs recognize a broad range of molecules with a vast chemical X-NeuNAc through different mechanisms. Our understanding of the recognition of lipid mediators by GPCRs primarily comes from the structural studies of receptors for lysophospholipids and endocannabinoids includi
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CRF and urocortin I are not only readily found
2020-12-16

CRF and urocortin I are not only readily found throughout the spinal cord (Korosi et al., 2007), CRF analogs are clearly able to alter nociceptive signals (Imbe et al., 2010; Lariviere and Melzack, 2000). However, it was unclear whether they are released endogenously and involved in the spinal modul
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The serotonin transporter gene encodes an integral membrane
2020-12-15

The serotonin transporter gene () encodes an integral membrane protein that transports serotonin from the synaptic spaces into the presynaptic neurons. The encoded protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent way. This protein is a target of psychomotor stimulants
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported in part
2020-12-15

Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26292031. Introduction The Cys-loop receptors constitute an important superfamily of ligand-gated ion imidazoline receptors (LGICs) and mediate synaptic transmission in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous syst
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Analysis of DNA fragmentation We
2020-12-15

Analysis of DNA fragmentation. We followed a modified Hirt extraction procedure for analysis of DNA fragmentation. Cells were suspended in TNE buffer (1M NaCl, 20mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 2mM EDTA, and 0.6% SDS) at a density of 106 cells/ml and incubated overnight on ice. The next day, cellular debris wa
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The nucleus accumbens is a
2020-12-15

The nucleus accumbens is a critical locus for ER/mGluR signaling in the context of addiction ER/mGluR signaling is regulated by caveolin proteins and palmitoylation Because of the vast implications of ER/mGluR association, it is important to understand what regulates their interaction. Such regu
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br Results br Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major
2020-12-15

Results Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major challenge to the clinical success of cancer therapies. Incomplete inhibition of oncogenic signaling allows survival of “drug-tolerant” tumor cells, which persist in that state for variable periods before acquiring additional genetic mutati
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Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one th
2020-12-15

Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and is refractory to currently available analgesic drugs (Abbott et al., 2011). This painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG; a reactive glucose metabolite) an
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br O GlcNAcase Human OGA
2020-12-15

O-GlcNAcase Human OGA is a multidomain protein with an N-terminal domain similar to glycoside hydrolase family 84 (GH84) enzymes, a stalk domain, a C-terminal pseudo histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain, and several low-complexity regions (Figure 1f) [43]. A splice variant that lacks the HAT do
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Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which
2020-12-15

Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a
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